Category: Biosea Health

Biosea Health seaweed is full of vitamins, minerals and pre-biotics. Demonstrated blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammatory compounds and providing better gut microbiome.

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Antiviral Biosea Health

Boost Immunity Fast With Seaweed

Boost immunity fast with seaweed pacific sea moss

Boost Immunity Fast With Seaweed

Boost immunity fast with seaweed is the first line of defence and it needs to be strong. In the human body, the first line of defence against novel viruses is only one special cell in the army of immune defences. And Seaweed is known for building that special army – even in the elderly.

We are hearing a lot about viruses and words like “antibodies”, “vaccines” and “immunity” are now part of our everyday language.

But when it comes to fighting a virus that we have never encountered before, the only words we need to know are “Natural Killer Cells”.

Natural Killer Cells

Natural Killer Cells sound more like science fiction than science, but these cells are the secret weapon in the body’s fight against new viruses.
Viruses are like the hidden spy that infiltrates the government and carries out his evil mission. In the human body, viruses invade our cells where they hide from our other immune defenses and use our own genetic material to replicate themselves.

Natural Killer Cells roam around the body detecting cells that are showing stress from a virus invasion. They quickly kill off the virus loaded cell and prevent it from infecting surrounding cells.

How do we get more Natural Killer Cells? Seaweed.

Antibodies Increase with Seaweed

boost immunity fast with antibody increase with seaweed
Fucoidan from seaweed increases vaccination protection for seasonal flu in elderly patients. [1]

Boost Immunity Fast With Seaweed with Zinc

Boost Your immunity fast with Zinc
Relations among percentages of CD56+lym-phocytes and serum zinc concentrations in healthy, free-living men and women aged ≥90 y [2]

Key to Natural Killers

Like all armies, the Natural Killer Cell army increases its numbers when there is an invasion. When the patrolling Natural Killer Cells detect the virus, they not only kill that cell, they also send a message back to the bone marrow headquarters for more Natural Killers to be built.

Speed up Production of Natural Killer Cells

Sadly, natural killer cells are known to decline with age. However, one study on the elderly in Japan showed that adding seaweed to the diet increased Natural Killer Cells and made the Natural Killer stick around in the body for much longer. (Negishi, Mori et al. 2013) In the fight against novel viruses, the more Natural Killers we have, the better our bodies will cope at keeping the virus at bay.
Seaweed Contains all the Nutrients Needed for More Natural Killer Cells.

Importance of Nutrients

All the nutrients, especially zinc needs to be available for the manufacture of Natural Killers. In a study of elderly in Italy, scientists looked at levels of vitamins and minerals in the blood and the amount of Natural Killer Cells. Those with higher levels of zinc also had more Natural Killers. This in line with what we already know about zinc being effective in stopping virus infections. (Ravaglia, Forti et al. 2000). Seaweed has 7 times the zinc as oranges as well as being packed with vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients to build other parts of the immune system.

So build your first line of defense quickly. Use seaweed capsules or chocolate to increase your Natural Killer Cells before a new virus tries to invade.

References

[1] Negishi, H., M. Mori, H. Mori and Y. Yamori (2013). “Supplementation of elderly Japanese men and women with fucoidan from seaweed increases immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination.” The Journal of nutrition 143(11): 1794-1798. (Pubmed)

[2] Ravaglia, G., P. Forti, F. Maioli, L. Bastagli, A. Facchini, E. Mariani, L. Savarino, S. Sassi, D. Cucinotta and G. Lenaz (2000). “Effect of micronutrient status on natural killer cell immune function in healthy free-living subjects aged≥ 90 y.” The American journal of clinical nutrition 71(2): 590-598. (PubMed)

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Antiviral Biosea Health Health Benefits

Boost Immunity Naturally

boost immunity naturally with seaweed Pacific Seamoss

Seaweed – the smart organic medicinal food for boosting your immunity. It is time to start thinking about our personal health. Is your immune system as strong as it will need to be if faced with a virus? Now is the time to boost your immunity naturally.

SKIPPED THE VEG? DON’T FORGET SEAWEED

BOOST YOUR IMMUNITY NATURALLY WITH SEAWEED
Busy lives mean we don’t eat as many fresh fruit and vegetables as we should.

EAT SEAWEED

Boost your immunity naturally with seaweed - image of seaweed at harvest
Seaweed is high in all immune-boosting nutrients and is a natural way yo boost your immune system quickly.

Medical experts are telling us the best way to boost immunity is to have a healthy diet of fruit, vegetables, nuts, and pulses. But the truth is most of us don’t get anywhere near enough fresh produce to boost immunity.

Now that we are all looking to be as healthy as we can to fight off viruses, we need an affordable, natural and easy short cut to boost our immunity naturally

Seaweed is packed with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and zinc. [1, 2]

With 7 times the zinc of oranges, seaweed is a powerful antiviral agent. [3]When you have seaweed in the diet, levels of vitamins and minerals reach cells in the body no matter what other poor diet choices you make.

Yes, seaweed can reverse the effects of eating a western take-out diet, so you can boost your immunity naturally without making big lifestyle changes. [4]

ZINC STOPS VIRUS

Boost Your Immunity naturally with seaweed
Zinc stops viruses from attaching to cells and causing infection. The graph on the right shows that zinc stopped 75% of common coronavirus from infecting cells

SEAWEED IS A WHOLE FOOD

We no longer have to plow through plates of Kale to get the nutrients we need to boost our immunity naturally.

Biosea Health has taken whole dried seaweed and put into capsules so you can easily take immune-boosting amounts of seaweed every day without the hassle. Take it like a supplement to boost immunity

But for those who prefer to indulge a little. BioSea Health has also put seaweed into good quality chocolate so you can eat guilt-free and get a natural boost to your immunity.

Add Seaweed to Chocolate: BOOST YOUR IMMUNITY NATURALLY AND GUILT-FREE

BioSea Health has created the ultimate guilt-free immune boosting way to get your daily seaweed. Seaweed Chocolate – and it tastes great.

GUILT FREE HEALTH

chocolate recipe Treat for Health
Include seaweed in chocolate for a guilt free treat.

What better way to get your medicinal level of seaweed than in 5 squares of luxurious chocolate. And not only are you increasing your immunity with seaweed, but you are also getting those extra anti-oxidants that good quality chocolate provides.

For those who have favourite chocolate, BioSea Health provides a dried powder product and a recipe so you can turn your favorite chocolate into an immune-boosting health food.

References – Boost Your Immunity

[1] E. M. Brown et al., “Seaweed and human health,” Nutrition reviews, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 205-216, 2014.

[2] A. Farah Diyana, A. Abdullah, Z. Shahrul Hisham, and K. Chan, “Antioxidant activity of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatum,” International Food Research Journal, vol. 22, no. 5, 2015. (Google Scholar)

[3] A. J. Te Velthuis, S. H. van den Worm, A. C. Sims, R. S. Baric, E. J. Snijder, and M. J. van Hemert, Zn2+ inhibits virus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture, PLoS pathogens, vol. 6, no. 11, 2010. (PubMed)

[4] S. Wanyonyi, R. Du Preez, L. Brown, N. A. Paul, and S. K. Panchal, “Kappaphycus alvarezii as a food supplement prevents diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 1261, 2017. (Nutrition)

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Biosea Health Health Benefits

Chocolate Recipe With Seaweed Powder

Chocolate Recipe with Seaweed Powder

Chocolate Recipe with Seaweed Powder

You can make a chocolate as a healthy treat very easily.  You need to eat about 5 to 6 grams of the dry powder each day. But seaweed powder flavor may be a little strong, so you use the chocolate to overpower the flavour of the seaweed.

Ingredients for 1 week supply

  • Pacific Seamoss Powder.  Measure out 5 x 7 days of powder.  (Seven heaped teaspoons)
  • 100g to 200g block of chocolate.  Use a chocolate of choice.  Dark 65% or more has strong flavor, but sweet milk chocolate may be preferred for children
  • 1 Ice Cube Tray.  May need 2 trays, sufficient to hold all the chocolate

You will need access to a bowl, a refrigerator, microwave or pot. If using stovetop, heat pot of water and place bowl over hot water pot to melt chocolate.

Instructions

  1. Melt the chocolate (microwave or use a pot on the stove). Do not overheat.
  2. Remove from heat
  3. Measure in 7 heaped teaspoons of seaweed powder
  4. Stir
  5. Pour into ice trays
  6. Put icetrays into the refrigerator or freezer.  Freezer may reduce the flavor and cause the chocolate to have a white flourery look.

Eating

Depending on the number of chocolate Cubes, split this across the week. Take 1/7th each day

This chocolate recipe is the simplest. If you want a Chocolate Recipe Paleo, read more

CHOCOLATE – TREAT WITHOUT GUILT

Chocolate Recipe for Seaweed Healthy

ICE TRAY FOR DAILY PORTIONS

Chocolate Recipe - Use Ice tray for convenient size

 Chocolate Recipe for Seaweed – Paleo

Want to make a cheaper or more involved recipe.  Here is one that is on All Recipes.com and. Only 10 minutes and gives you healthy coconut as well as Paleo. The coconut also masks the seaweed for a delicious chocolate.

Homemade Melt-In-Your-Mouth Dark Chocolate (Paleo)

Recipe by: Linda(LMT)”Homemade chocolate that melts in your mouth. Made without artificial ingredients or waxes, this wholesome treat is ideal for the health conscious individual who enjoys an indulgent treat. Sweetness can be tweaked to taste, and add-in ingredients and combinations are endless.” The ingredients include

  • 1/2 cup coconut oil
  • 1/2 cup cocoa powder
  • 3 tablespoons honey
  • 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract

Gently melt coconut oil in a saucepan over medium-low heat. Stir cocoa powder, honey, and vanilla extract into melted oil until well blended.

Then add the 7 teaspoons of seaweed (1 teaspoon per day)

Pour mixture into a candy mold or pliable tray. Refrigerate until chilled, about 1 hour.

CHOCOLATE – TREAT WITHOUT GUILT

Chocolate Recipe for dark paleo cubes

TREAT FOR HEALTH -PALEO AND SEAWEED

Chocolate recipe Treat for health
Categories
Antiviral Biosea Health Health Benefits Reviews

Fight Viruses Naturally with Seaweed

Fight viruses naturally with seaweed Pacific Seamoss

Fight viruses naturally with seaweed, as the latest pandemic spread across the entire world. There has never been a better time to boost your immune system. You can fight viruses with seaweed because seaweed is packed with phytonutrients and prebiotics that boost your immunity quickly. But Seaweed is also a powerful tool against the big guns of the virus world such as SARS and HIV/AIDS.

Not convinced?

Here are some of the reasons why seaweed should be your first choice in building your immune health before a virus hits your neighbourhood!

Fight Viruses Naturally

Back in 2004, it was noticed there were higher rates of HIV/AIDS infection in Africa than in South East Asia. Rates in Asia were one-tenth of those in Africa so there must have been something other than sexual contact that was causing the difference. When scientists noticed lower HIV/AIDS rates in pockets of Africa where spirulina was eaten, they decided it was marine algae or seaweed that made the difference. [1]

In 2006, New Scientist[8] reported that a seaweed compound blocks cervical cancer known to be caused by the human papillomavirus [9].  Lead researcher Schiller (USA Bethesda Cancer Institute) said “we were floored by how much better it worked than anything else we tested”. Same mode of action – stopped the virus getting into the cells. But someone needed to take the product through the approval process.  And no one did. A popular vaccine came out at the same time, so further research was shelved.

Research in 2008 [6] showed human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a predominant cause of common cold and implicated in the worsening of COPD and asthma, as well as the loss of lung transplants. Despite significant efforts, no anti-viral agent is approved for the prevention or treatment of HRV-infection. They suggested spraying the nasal passages with carregeenan. But no one has developed such a product.

We now know it is the sulfated polysaccharides in the cell walls of the seaweed that stop the viruses in their tracks. The seaweed stops the virus from entering cells, so it cant hijack our immune system and make us ill. [2]

RED SEAWEED REDUCES VIRUS LOAD

Fight viruses with seaweed
Carrageenan inhibited cold viruses in cell culture. (See reference [6])

RED SEAWEED COLD VIRUS

Fight viruses with seaweed
Red seaweed carrageenan reduces cold virus [6]

Fight Viruses Naturally with Seaweed and High Zinc Levels

Seaweed has 7 times more zinc than oranges. Zinc is involved in all cellular processes, but it is especially important to immunity.

Increased zinc prevents viruses from binding to RNA in cells, so the virus cannot multiply and increase infection in its host. Studies in SARS virus have shown that zinc causes a 3-4 fold reduction in the percentage of the virus binding to RNA. [3]. It is entirely probable that the same mechanism holds for the most recent virus.

Check out our label for the minerals and vitamins in Pacific Seamoss or Kappaphycus alvarezii.  This demonstrates that you can fight viruses with seaweed

Seaweed is high in antioxidants

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are broken molecules also called free radicals. They appear in cells during infections to kill the invaders but also do damage to the host cell.
  • Antioxidants in seaweed show excellent scavenging ability. [4]
  • Antioxidants roam the cells scavenging excess ROS and prevent damage to the underlying cells and tissues.

This is especially important when the infection is in the lungs as is the case with the latest virus. [5] This shows you can fight viruses with seaweed.

ANTIOXIDANTS REDUCE LUNG INFECTION

Fight viruses with seaweed. Effect on lung capacity
Look in graph B to a 25% reduction. Reference Snelgrove 2006 [5]

ZINC REDUCES VIRAL LOAD

fight viruses with seaweed
Increasing Zinc reduced SARS virus load. Reference [6]

Conclusion

For more than 16 years, science has shown you can fight viruses with seaweed. The current SARs like virus is almost at the pandemic stage globally.

What do you have to lose?

References

[1] J. Teas, J. R. Hebert, J. H. Fitton, and P. V. Zimba, “Algae–a poor man’s HAART?,” Medical Hypotheses, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 507-510, 2004. (Science Direct)

[2] E. M. Brown et al., “Seaweed and human health,” Nutrition reviews, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 205-216, 2014.

[3] A. J. Te Velthuis, S. H. van den Worm, A. C. Sims, R. S. Baric, E. J. Snijder, and M. J. van Hemert, “Zn2+ inhibits virus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture,” PLoS pathogens, vol. 6, no. 11, 2010. (PLOS)

[4] K. S. Kumar, K. Ganesan, and P. S. Rao, “Antioxidant potential of solvent extracts of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty–An edible seaweed,” Food chemistry, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 289-295, 2008.(Link Here)

[5] R. J. Snelgrove, L. Edwards, A. J. Rae, and T. Hussell, “An absence of reactive oxygen species improves the resolution of lung influenza infection,” European journal of immunology, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1364-1373, 2006.  (PLOS)

[6] Grassauer A, Weinmuellner R, Meier C, Pretsch A, Prieschl-Grassauer E, Unger H. Iota-Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of rhinovirus infection. Virol J. 2008;5:107. Published 2008 Sep 26. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-5-107 (PubMed)

[7] Koenighofer, M., Lion, T., Bodenteich, A. et al. Carrageenan nasal spray in virus confirmed common cold: individual patient data analysis of two randomized controlled trials. Multidiscip Respir Med 9, 57 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-57 (SpringerLink)

[8] Khamsi, R 2006 Seaweed compound blocks cervical cancer virus New Scientist

[9] Buck CB, Thompson CD, Roberts JN, Müller M, Lowy DR, et al. (2006) Carrageenan Is a Potent Inhibitor of Papillomavirus Infection. PLOS Pathogens 2(7): e69. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020069

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Biosea Health Health Benefits Heart Health Seaweed for Humanity

Boost Immunity with Seaweed

boost immunity naturally with seaweed Pacific Seamoss

The World Health Organization will soon declare a pandemic. Countries are preparing for the pandemic. Boost immunity with seaweed.

In our hugely complex global moment of change in transportation, economies, energy, we have an exogenous shock. A massive, tiny bundle of protein, the troublesome 120nm-diameter spiky virus. In its shell, is a wound-up pair of DNA strands, carrying just eight kilobytes of genetic code. It begins:

attaaaggtt tataccttcc caggtaacaa accaaccaac

Germs have changed the course of history in the past. Zoonotic transplants from crowded European towns, where humans lived cheek-by-jowl with their animals, were a powerful ally to the Spanish during the genocidal colonisation of South America. Bill Gates calls this latest a “once-in-a-century” pandemic.

 What makes this virus different from seasonal flu is how easily it spreads. Sheer numbers of people infected. Nursing homes, hospitals will be overwhelmed.  There is every chance that both you and I will come down with the disease. A broad guess is that 25-70% of the population of any infected country may catch the disease.

  • Young – the effects from disease are mild.
  • Elderly have a one chance in six of dying
  • Middle aged? The chances are less.
  • If “health compromised” i.e. have high blood pressure or diabetes your chances of dying have more than doubled

Check out the graphs from WHO below.

Importantly, if you suffer from other medical conditions, like hypertension or diabetes, then you can make some small but important changes.

Boost Immunity with seaweed

 Now is the time to prepare.  Prepare your body with a boost to your immunity.  And prepare for some interruption as the government imposes the only thing it can at this stage which is movement control. So prepare to be at your home for a couple of weeks, with children and not being able to go to work.

Boost Immunity and Eat Seaweed

What can you do to boost your immunity to a virus? Taking seaweed is the quickest and easiest option. Stop smoking. Eat healthy

1. If you are over 70

  • Improve your heart health with seaweed.[2]
  • Seaweed will improve liver function for faster absorption of medications.[3]
  • Seaweed is high in Potassium, which stabilizes heart rhythm.[4]
  • Potassium in seaweed also improves muscle function, making breathing easier.[4, 5]

2. If you are over 45

  • Improve your diabetes quickly with seaweed. Seaweed improves glucose tolerance.[3]
  • Drop your high blood pressure quickly with seaweed. Clinical trials in both humans and animal models show seaweed reduces hypertension effectively.[2]
  • Seaweed reduces inflammation in the heart, liver, and pancreas, freeing up immune cells for fighting infections. [3]

3. For everyone 

  • Boost immunity. Seaweed is full of minerals, vitamins and antioxidants from seaweed.[6]
  • Seaweed will improve liver function for better blood filtration and nutrient availability.[3]
  • Increase energy levels and general health from better thyroid function with healthy iodine and tyrosine in seaweed.[7]
  • Improve gut health and gut immunity with the prebiotic effects of seaweed.[3]Some cases of the recent pandemic have also caused gastrointestinal problems.
  • Prepare your gut. By eating seaweed, you will boost immunity with seaweed. Who knows?

OVER 60? ONE IN 10 DYING RISK

boost immunity with seaweed

NOT WELL – TIME FOR SEAWEED

Boost Immunity naturally with Seaweed Pacific Seamoss with antiviral properties

Prepare your home

1 Emergency Plan

  • Make sure you have an emergency plan in place.
  • Know what to do BEFORE the need arises.
  • Check out The Red Cross Website can help but also check your Local Government and State Health Departments for more information.

2 Medications

  • Make sure you have 14 days of medications available for you, your family, and pets.
  • You may need to be in-home quarantine for that long.

3 Food and Household Supplies

  • Gradually build up supplies of canned and frozen goods
  • High use items such as toilet paper, tissues.

Further Reading

[1]         WorldoMeters  Last updated: February 23, 2020.

[2] Z. Eshak, “PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Kappaphycus alvarezii ON THE HEART OF HYPERTENSIVE AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC INDUCED SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS,” Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, vol. 12, no. 1, 2016.

[3] S. Wanyonyi, R. Du Preez, L. Brown, N. A. Paul, and S. K. Panchal, “Kappaphycus alvarezii as a food supplement prevents diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 1261, 2017. (Pubmed)

[4] M. S. Stone, L. Martyn, and C. M. Weaver, “Potassium intake, bioavailability, hypertension, and glucose control,” Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 7, p. 444, 2016.

[5] K. S. Kumar, K. Ganesan, K. Selvaraj, and P. S. Rao, “Studies on the functional properties of protein concentrate of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty–An edible seaweed,” Food chemistry, vol. 153, pp. 353-360, 2014.

[6] K. S. Kumar, K. Ganesan, and P. S. Rao, “Antioxidant potential of solvent extracts of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty–An edible seaweed,” Food chemistry, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 289-295, 2008.

[7] P. Watson, “Tyrosine Supplementation: Can This Amino Acid Boost Brain Dopamine and Improve Physical and Mental Performance?,” Sports Sci. Exch, vol. 28, no. 157, pp. 1-6, 2016.

Categories
Biosea Health Cancer

Care for the carer

care for the carer. Keep your health with Pacific Seamoss

I became the carer for my mother in the final months of her battle with colorectal cancer. As her disease progressed her dependence on me, day and night increased. That time of my life was the most difficult but also the most rewarding.

Compared to other full-time carers I had an easy time of it. As emotionally and physically draining as the experience was, it was over within a year and I was able to grieve my mother then return to a normal life. Others care for their loved ones for years or even decades. It is for these people that I write this paper.
From my experience as a palliative carer, and as someone who has recently started taking Pacific Seamoss, I recommend seaweed for all carers. Care for the carer.

Seaweed to Care for the Carer

1. Seaweed creates more energy for the carer

Although there is no definitive science on this, there are many possible reasons why Pacific Seamoss customers say they have more energy than they have had for years. The increase in complete nutrients plus the benefits of increased good gut bacteria probably accounts for the new levels of energy. Every carer feels fatigued at some point and extra energy without the sleep-depriving effects of caffeine are a real benefit to daily life.

2. Seaweed contains molecules that help you cope better with stress

Being a carer is stressful. Not only are you dealing with the physical demands, but there is also the mental load of the distress of your loved one, plus the emotional loss of the healthy person you once. Tyrosine is just one of the nutrients found in seaweed that converts to neurotransmitters in the brain to increase mental function and reduce fatigue during times of stress. So owe it to yourself, and take seaweed to care for the carer[1]

3. Seaweeds boost immunity to Care for the Carer

Being a carer means getting sick is not an option. You need to be healthy to carry out the daily tasks of caring for your loved one, plus you don’t want to make them unwell by passing on a cold or flu. Seaweed is high in major immune-boosting co-factors like Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin B3, and zinc.[1] Seaweed also has well-documented antioxidant properties to help fight infection and disease. [2]

4. Seaweed prevents major diseases caused by chronic stress

As much as we like to think we are coping well, being a carer is having a physiological effect on our bodies. Stress changes the hormonal balance so hormones like cortisol, glycogen and adrenaline are working against us, dramatically increasing the risk of major diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The science shows that seaweed is a good long-term option for prevention of stress-related disease.

  1. Cancer is reduced in populations that consume seaweed, plus seaweed shows cancer prevention properties. [3-5]
  2. Seaweed reduces blood pressure, cholesterol and waist circumference – all risks for heart attack. [5-7] (Check out our review)
  3. Seaweed reverses glucose intolerance and improves energy storage and metabolism, reducing risk of type 2 diabetes. [7-9]

Being a carer is not easy, yet it is something feel we must do. I suggest you make things easier for yourself; being kinder to you will allow you to be kinder to the one you love. Seaweed will make things easier for you. Care for the carer.

Further Reading

[1] M. L. Cornish, A. T. Critchley, and O. G. Mouritsen, “Consumption of seaweeds and the human brain,” Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 2377-2398, 2017.
[2] F. Makkar and K. Chakraborty, “Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of sulphated polygalactans from red seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria opuntia,” International Journal of Food Properties, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1326-1337, 2017. (Google Scholar)
[3] J. Kim et al., “Associations among dietary seaweed intake, c-MYC rs6983267 polymorphism, and risk of colorectal cancer in a Korean population: a case–control study,” European journal of nutrition, pp. 1-12, 2019.
[4] J. Teas, Q. Zhang, and S. Muga, “Seaweed as chemoprevention: From breast cancer epidemiology to breast cancer cell culture,” ed: AACR, 2006.
[5] A. Nanri et al., “Dietary patterns and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese men and women: The Japan public health center-based prospective study,” PloS one, vol. 12, no. 4, 2017.
[6] P. Matanjun, S. Mohamed, K. Muhammad, and N. M. Mustapha, “Comparison of cardiovascular protective effects of tropical seaweeds, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Caulerpa lentillifera, and Sargassum polycystum, on high-cholesterol/high-fat diet in rats,” Journal of medicinal food, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 792-800, 2010.
[7] S. Wanyonyi, R. Du Preez, L. Brown, N. A. Paul, and S. K. Panchal, “Kappaphycus alvarezii as a food supplement prevents diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 1261, 2017.
[8] J. Teas, M. E. Baldeón, D. E. Chiriboga, J. R. Davis, A. J. Sarriés, and L. E. Braverman, “Could dietary seaweed reverse the metabolic syndrome?,” Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 145, 2009.
[9] Y. X. Chin, Y. Mi, W. X. Cao, P. E. Lim, C. H. Xue, and Q. J. Tang, “A pilot study on anti-obesity mechanisms of Kappaphycus alvarezii: The role of native κ-carrageenan and the leftover sans-carrageenan fraction,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 1133, 2019.

Categories
Biosea Health Heart Health Reviews

Blood Pressure Control with Seaweed

Blood Pressure Control with Seaweed Pacific Seamoss

Blood Pressure Control with Seaweed Dietary Supplement

Hi, I’m Dr Hugh Butler Co-founder.  Over the past 8 years my blood pressure had slowly risen by 15 mmHg  from 120 to 135. I had not realised this until I dug out the data. Was it just that I had aged 8 years? It was not a lifestyle disease as I have been doing upper body exercises and trying to do the moving more. I started eating Pacific Seamoss seaweed in October. The research for blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement was in the science literature when we started down this road. To my surprise, my blood pressure fell 15mm over 3 weeks. While 15mm may not seem much, it moves me from a Hazard Ratio from 1 down to 0.8. That’s a risk reduction of a heart event by 30%. (The hazard ratio is logarithmic).[1]

Blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement shows rapid decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Blood pressure for Hugh Butler from 2013 to 2020, showing slight rise over 7 years due to aging. Seaweed introduced in late October 2019 and rapid decrease in systolic blood pressure.
Blood pressure control is very important for reduction of risks
Hazard ratio of cardiac event. Note the increase from 120 to 140mmHg increases the Hazard ratio by nearly 15%

Blood Pressure Control with Seaweed 2007

Associate Professor Jane Teas [2] published 13 years ago blood pressure could be reduced if people took a seaweed dietary supplement. She published this information in a number of journals and articles but to our surprise, no one seemed to take any notice.

Method

  • She used a good trial design of a double blind crossover clinical trial using 2 groups. One had lower levels of seaweed, with a placebo group and 4g, and another group ate medium (4g) or higher rate of seaweed (6g).
  • The brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Japanese wakame) was the seaweed supplement given.
  • Only the sporophylls of the seaweed were used. This area of seaweed is used for smoothies.
  • The blades and leaves were not used to avoid giving the patients high levels of iodine at the rates used..
  • The seaweed was provided in capsules and treatments were placebo, none, 4g or 6g per day. On the high rate patients needed 12 capsules!

The patients, all volunteers had at least one of the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. The criteria for metabolic syndrome includes at least three of the following four conditions

  • Waist circumference greater than 102 cm for men or greater than 88 cm for women;
  • Fasting triglycerides greater than ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (male), < 50 mg/dL (female);
  • Blood pressure greater than 130/85 mm Hg;
  • Fasting glucose greater than 110 mg/dL.
wakame parts
The brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Japanese wakame) was harvested, and only the sporophyll part used as the leaf has too much iodine

All the participants had a large waist and 2 of the other symptoms. None of the participants were taking medication.

SEAWEED REDUCED BLOOD PRESSURE AND DECREASED WAIST

blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplements after 8 weeks of eating seaweed
From Jane Teas 2007. After 8 weeks of consuming seaweed, blood pressure was reduced 14 mmHg, and waist was reduced 6 cm for females in the study.

Results

The results are really clear and blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement is unequivocal. Seaweed reduced both blood pressure and weight:

  • Seaweed reduced blood pressure by a about 12 to 16mmHg.
  • There was a dose response. More seaweed reduced blood pressure more.
  • There was no effect when the blood pressure was normal.
  • Some participants (females only) lost over 6 cm of waist and lost weight as well(statistical)

As the trial was restricted to just 8 weeks then some changes may require longer consumption of the seaweed. Pressure Control with Seaweed

Prof Lindsay Brown (Wanyonyi et al 2017 [3]) from the University of Southern Queensland (USQ) has been studying functional foods for over 15 years.  Functional foods are foods that are eaten in normal daily quantity that are just food, but they have a drug like additional effect.  The experiment on blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement with Kappaphycus alvarezii was done as a prevention trial.

ANIMALS 2017 – BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL WITH SEAWEED

Prof Lindsay Brown (Wanyonyi et al 2017 [3]) from the University of Southern Queensland (USQ) has been studying functional foods for over 15 years.  Functional foods are foods that are eaten in normal daily quantity that are just food, but they have a drug like additional effect.  The experiment on blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement with Kappaphycus alvarezii was done as a prevention trial.

blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement also stopped weight gain
From Wanyonyi 2017. Addition of seaweed prevented weight gain in rats on a junk food diet.
blood pressure control with dietary seaweed supplement in 2017
From Wanyonyi 2017. Seaweed brought down the blood pressure to the same as the standard food diet. Junk food caused hypertension in the animals

Design of Experiment of Dietary Supplement

  • One group of rats were fed normal rat chow.
  • Second group were given a high fat, high sucrose diet (just like junk food)
  • A third group had the junk food along with the seaweed at 5% w/w added to the seaweed.  This amount of seaweed was designed to equate to the amount of seaweed humans are thought to consume daily.

Human: Queen Garnet Plum Trials

Prof Lindsay Brown has published over 174 articles over the past 15 years on “functional foods” and used rat obesity models. For most of these studies, blood pressure was reduced. In work with Queen Garnet Plums, rats showed a remarkable reduction in blood pressure. The animal study was followed by a human study in 2016 with 24 participants showed reduction in blood pressure but no cognitive improvement. [5]. It would not be unreasonable to assume other functional foods all provide reduction in hypertension in humans.

Conclusion: Results Are Hard to Believe!

The logical conclusion is actually very hard to accept.  One can eat junk food with impunity!  Remember, this study is with rats not humans. But the thought that one can eat junk food and instead of becoming obese, its as though you ate a standard diet.

In this animal trial, seaweed protected against

  • Weight gain
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Reduced fatty liver
  • Decreased glucose response
  • Improved inflammatory diseases.
  • Changes in microbiome.

Check out the publication for some of the big changes in inflammation in the heart and stomach.

Why?

The gut microbiome changed markedly. The figure below shows the very large effects on just 4 genera of bacteria. With Bacteriodes, you can see that the junk food diet reduced numbers. Seaweed reversed that and numbers are even higher than the standard diet. With a negative genera such as Clostridiacea bacteria, the levels with the junk food were 3 times higher, and the seaweed reduced the levels right back down to the standard diet.

blood glucose control with seaweed dietary supplement
From Wanyonyi 2017. Blood glucose controlled with seaweed provided as a dietary supplement.
gut microbiome changes are the likely reason that blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplments worked.
Figure from Waynonyi 2017. The microbiome was radically changed with the introduction of Kappaphycus alvarezii to the diets of the junk food animals.

Animal Studies 2020 – Seaweed

Professor Lindsay Brown and his team from USQ (du Preez et al 2020 [4]) repeated this experiment in 2019.  Professor Nicholas Paul from University of the Sunshine Coast grew the seaweed in tanks at Bribie Island.  The experiment is a repeat of many of Professor Brown’s trials with functional food, in that this trial design is an intervention trial.  An intervention trial feeds rats over 6 to 8 weeks with a junk food diet.  At this stage the rats are obese and have symptoms just like 65% of Australians or 80% of Americans have.  (Like the human patients in Professor Teas trial as above. I.e. hypertension, visceral fat, glucose intolerance etc)

  • They used a Southern Queensland red seaweed called Sarconema filiforme.
  • Trial design was an intervention trial.
  • Rats are fed either a standard or a high fat/sugar diet for 8 weeks. The junk diet has induced obesity in the rats.
  • Treatment was then the introduction of red seaweed at 5% w/w for both standard and junk diets
  • Animals were then measured over the next 8 weeks.
Blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement also stopped weight gain
From du Preez 2020 Seaweed reduces weight gain from rats on a junk food diet and makes no different to rats on a standard diet.
Blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplement reduces liver inflammatory cells
From du Preez 2020. Seaweed markedly reduces liver inflammatory cells in less than 8 weeks. The damage is completely mitigated by the seaweed.

Conclusive Results: Blood Pressure Control with Seaweed

Key findings are much the same as in their previous seaweed prevention trial, the multiple trials with other functional food or even Professor Teas trials from 15 years previously.

  • Seaweed started to reverse the weight gain from junk food.
  • Seaweed decreased abdominal and liver fat.
  • Junk food massively increased inflamed fatty liver cells
  • Seaweed completely reversed the number of fatty liver cells by 100%. So while weight may not have returned to normal, inflammation from the junk diet disappeared.
  • Total plasma cholesterol concentrations fell.
  • Blood pressure increase by junk food was completely reversed by eating seaweed.
Blood pressure control with dietary seaweed supplement mmHg
Figure from du Preez et al 2020. Data shows significant reduction. Seaweed reduced blood pressure back to normal
From du Preez 2020. Sarconema seaweed reduced plasma total cholesterol significantly. See publication for other metabolic variables

Microbiome are Key to Understanding

Like the previous 2017 paper gut microbiome changed. The correlation (Figure 12 of du Preez) is shown below.

Furthermore the authors were able to correlate between the bacterial community structure and the physiological parameters.

gut microbiome correlelates with blood pressure control with seaweed dietary supplements
Figure du Preez et al 2020. The correlation between gut microbiome genera and physiological outcomes.

Conclusions – Unbelievable!

If you must eat eat junk food, eat seaweed. Seaweed reduces blood pressure ( hypertension); seaweed eliminates fatty liver; reduces inflammation; eliminates glucose intolerant; reduces high cholesterol, and reduces weight.

References

[1] Wu, C.-Y. et al. High Blood Pressure and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortalities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 94, (2015).

[2] Teas, J. et al. Could dietary seaweed reverse the metabolic syndrome? 145–157 http://apjcn.nhri.org.tw/server/APJCN/18/2/145.pdf (2009).

[3] Wanyonyi, S., du Preez, R., Brown, L., Paul, N. A. & Panchal, S. K. Kappaphycus alvarezii as a Food Supplement Prevents Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Nutrients 9, 2 (2017).

[4] du Preez, R. et al. Carrageenans from the Red Seaweed Sarconema filiforme Attenuate Symptoms of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Mar. Drugs 18, 97 (2020).

[5] E.O. Igwe, K.E. Charlton, S. Roodenrys, K. Kent, K. Fanning, M.E. Netzel 2017. Anthocyanin-rich plum juice reduces ambulatory blood pressure but not acute cognitive function in younger and older adults: a pilot crossover dose-timing study. Nutrition Research 47 28-43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2017.08.00

Categories
Biosea Health Heart Health

Healthy Heart on Seaweed

Improve heart health with seaweed Pacific Sea Moss

The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and all the arteries, veins and capillaries that are threaded throughout the body. The number one role is to deliver oxygen to every cell in the body. Get a healthy heart on seaweed. The heart is the strong pump that drives the oxygen delivery and beats from the first weeks after conception through to our last breath. No wonder heart health is so important.

Un-Healthy Heart – Cardiovascular Disease

The term “cardiovascular disease” can refer to a raft of heart and arterial diseases that affect this system. These range from aortic aneurysms to congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease and stroke. All these conditions have the same underlying causes that are either modifiable, like diet, or non- modifiable like genetics. We are all well educated about how to change our lifestyle to prevent heart disease. But despite major medical advances and public health campaigns over the past decades, Cardiovascular Disease remains the number one cause of death for both men and women in Australia. [1]

Health Food –> Healthy Heart

Science tells us that the solution may be easier and more readily available than the medical profession would have us believe. Nations with low rates of cardiovascular diseases, such as Japan, eat a diet rich in seaweed. The evidence is clear that on the Japanese diet of 1975 they had healthy heart on seaweed diet. This sea vegetable is rich in novel phytochemicals that create functional changes in the body when consumed regularly.

How Can Seaweed Help Prevent Cardiovascular Disease?

Healthy Heart on Seaweed as fresh or dried improves heart health1. Seaweed reduces blood pressure.

The mechanism is not known, but several studies have shown that systolic blood pressure is returned to normal range in rats when seaweed is included in the daily diet for several weeks. [2]. One study compared seaweed intake with blood pressure medication and found regular seaweed consumption caused the same BP reduction as an ACE Inhibitor. [3]. The effect has been shown to be just as strong in humans, dropping high blood pressure to normal measures, while not lowering healthy pressure. [4] This suggests the seaweed is returning the cardiovascular system to health, rather than just dropping blood pressure in isolation.

2. Healthy heart on seaweed – prevents ventricular hypertrophy

When the heart muscle is placed under stress because of high blood pressure the body compensates by thickening the walls of the heart. This reduces the size of the chamber into which the blood flows. The heart is unable to effectively pump anymore eventually lead to heart failure. Studies have shown that seaweed prevents the hypertrophic thickening of the heart walls even in the context of a high fat diet. [3]

3. Healthy Heart on Seaweed prevents cardiac fibrosis

In any state of cardiac stress or disease, a structural protein, collagen, builds up in the heart muscle causing fibrosis – a hardening and enlarging of the heart muscle. This limits the ability of the heart muscle to contract and interferes with the electrical conduction that makes your heart beat regularly. Cardiac fibrosis is progressive and eventually leads to heart failure. Seaweed removes collagen from heart tissue independent of dietary and lifestyle changes. [2]

4. Seaweed Reduces Blood Lipids

Caused by a diet high in fat or genetic predisposition, high cholesterol, particularly bad LDL cholesterol, leads to arterial plaques the eventually block arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. These are the small arteries that run along the outside of the heart bringing blood supply and oxygen to the heart muscle itself. When these arteries are blocked the heart muscles stops functioning and may die – this is called myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. Seaweed has been shown to interfere with the normal mechanisms of lipid breakdown, preventing dietary fats from building up in the blood stream and causing arterial plaques.[2] One study showed seaweed was as effective as a statin medication in reducing cholesterol. [3]

5. Seaweed reduces inflammation

Most cardiac disease is ultimately caused by inflammatory processes in the body. Damage ranges from hardening of small injuries to the arteries caused by arterial plaques, or invasion of inflammatory cells into the heart muscle itself. Seaweed has a dual action to remove inflammation in the heart and the arteries. The prebiotic component of seaweed upregulates good bacteria in the colon which in turns sends anti-inflammatory molecules into the blood stream to reach the arteries and heart.[5] In a second, unknown mechanism, seaweed removes inflammatory cells that build up in the cardiac muscle from stress, western diet or age. [2].  The Japanese demonstrate that you get a healthy heart on seaweed.

Check out a detailed science review on Blood Pressure Control with Seaweed Dietary Supplement

References

[1] A. I. o. Health and Welfare, “Deaths in Australia,” AIHW, Canberra2019, Available: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/life-expectancy-death/deaths-in-australia.

[2] S. Wanyonyi, R. Du Preez, L. Brown, N. A. Paul, and S. K. Panchal, “Kappaphycus alvarezii as a food supplement prevents diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 1261, 2017.

[3] Z. Eshak, “PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Kappaphycus alvarezii ON THE HEART OF HYPERTENSIVE AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC INDUCED SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS,” Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, vol. 12, no. 1, 2016.

[4] J. Teas, M. E. Baldeón, D. E. Chiriboga, J. R. Davis, A. J. Sarriés, and L. E. Braverman, “Could dietary seaweed reverse the metabolic syndrome?,” Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 145, 2009.

[5] I. Sekirov, S. L. Russell, L. C. M. Antunes, and B. B. Finlay, “Gut microbiota in health and disease,” Physiological reviews, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 859-904, 2010.

Categories
Biosea Health Heart Health

Nothing says I love you more than seaweed

Say I love you with seaweed Pacific Sea Moss for Health

The fairy tale has come true. You have found that special someone who will be beside you for the rest of your life. You are living the happily ever after.
Building a life together, raising a family, weathering life’s storms all make the bonds of love grow deeper and stronger. But as we age, we see other couples who have lost partners early because of cancer or heart disease. And we realize the fragility of life and the importance of your own relationship and the health of your partner.

Valentines Day Gift

This Valentine’s Day give your loved one the gift of health and longevity with seaweed.
Japan, particularly the island of Okinawa, is known for its high numbers of people living healthily well into their 90s and beyond. A daily intake of seaweed is one of the main reasons why health outcomes are so good in the Okinawan population. Sadly, studies have shown that switching the traditional seaweed-based diet to the typical western diet reverses all the positive effects and disease revert to the same as those in western countries.

Nothing says I love you more with Seaweed. Why?

Seaweed has a strong impact on health.

1. Seaweed is a potent prebiotic

Seaweed feeds the healthy bacteria in the gut. Healthy gut bacteria produce bioactive metabolites that cross into the blood stream for delivery to all the cells in the body. These metabolites have wide ranging effects including reducing inflammation, improving liver and heart function, and improving immunity. If you give seaweed, improving gut health. Nothing says I love you more than seaweed!

2. Seaweed Novel Compounts

Seaweed is full of novel compounds not found in terrestrial plants. These compounds, such as sulphated galactans, have powerful effects on cellular processes. These drive the immune and healing mechanisms in the body to produce anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties.

3. Seaweed high in potassium

Potassium is essential for a healthy heart. It also relaxes the muscles built into arterial wall, reducing blood pressure. This makes the heart less burdened, but it also protects the very small blood vessels in the brain, important for dementia prevention.

Seaweed is the gift for a lifetime.

Seaweed – the smart organic medicinal food for boosting your immunity

Categories
Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Biosea Health Heart Health Weight loss

8 Signs You Need Seaweed in Your Life

9 signs you need seaweed in your life

Seaweed is a functional food that has prebiotic properties along with novel bioactive compounds. Because of this, seaweed has a wide range of medicinal like properties that counteract the ailments and disease of the modern lifestyle. Eight signs you need seaweed in your life.

1. Panda Eyes

Are you sleeping well but still have dark rings around your eyes? Its probably due to a sluggish liver. Eating a typical western diet can cause a buildup of fatty lobules in the liver, slowing down the important functions of filtration. Toxins increase in the blood stream and we notice this around the eyes. Research from the University of Southern Queensland shows that taking seaweed every day effectively reverses the negative effects of our western diet and removes the fat from our livers. As an added bonus, liver enzymes tests showed a return to optimal functioning even when an unhealthy diet was being consumed. [1]

2. Waistline expanding

We all seem to be in a constant battle with the bulge, especially as we get a little older. Studies have shown that daily intake of seaweed changes the way fats are processed by the body. Seaweed flicks the switch to make the body use fat for energy. It also prevents new fat cells from being created every time we eat just that little bit too much. This all adds up to a drop in waist circumference of up to several centimeters. [1-3]

3. Feeling more tired than usual

Fatigue is a modern-day epidemic that undermines the enjoyment of life at best, but at worst can lead to accidents. Seaweed is a functional food that is rich in bioactive compounds to counter fatigue, no matter the cause. Fatigue from an underperforming thyroid is alleviated by the building blocks of thyroid hormone, iodine and tyrosine found in natural balance in seaweed. Tyrosine is also needed to produce neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline which allow our brains to function better when under stress. [4]

4. Harder to remember things- Seaweed in your life

Most of us see memory problems are inevitable as we get older, but this is not necessarily the case. A team of scientists from Korea have shown that seaweed can repair neurons on the brain and increase neural networks that are necessary for memory. That study also found that neurons were able to better manufacture and store the neurotransmitters necessary for faster mental processing. [5]

5. Aching Joints – Seaweed in your life

Inflammation in the joints can happen at any age, with causes ranging from mild injury to overuse or arthritis. For centuries seaweed has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory but now modern science is demonstrating just how effective it is. One study described the compounds from seaweed as having a greater anti-inflammatory capacity than aspirin. [6] The benefit of seaweed is that it doesn’t have the side-effects seen in many anti-inflammatory drugs, such as damage to the stomach lining. Check out the surprising testimonies.

6. Blood pressure creeping up

Hypertension is another “lifestyle” disease that has a myriad of causes – western diet, stress, lack of exercise, age or genetics. It is a leading “modifiable risk-factor” factor that increases the probability of death from heart attack, stroke or heart failure. Anyone who has been diagnosed with hypertension knows how difficult it is to lower your blood pressure, even when medicated. The good news is taking seaweed every day has been shown to reduce systolic ( the first number) blood pressure back to normal values. [1] Check your blood pressure

7. Painful periods

Contractions of the uterus can create sever and debilitating pain. Many women suffer from pain so great they are unable to work or function normally during a menstrual period. Seaweed has a high level of natural potassium that reduces smooth muscle contractions and restores the sodium potassium balance in the body. While the uterus still contracts during menstruation, it is far less extreme so pain is significantly reduced. [1]

8. You’re over 50 – you need seaweed in your life

Fifty seems to be the magic number when lifestyle and genetics start to catch up with us. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes suddenly loom large in our lives, and in the minds of our general practitioners. Countries that have a high consumption of seaweed, like Japan, have a decreased risk of all these major diseases.[7] This is probably why these same countries have so many healthy, active people in the 80s, 90s and 100s. Interestingly, studies have shown that when these people change to a western diet their biological markers, like blood pressure, shift to a level similar to those raised in the western world. [7]

References

[1] S. Wanyonyi, R. Du Preez, L. Brown, N. A. Paul, and S. K. Panchal, “Kappaphycus alvarezii as a food supplement prevents diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats,” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 1261, 2017. (Pubmed)

[2] J. Teas, M. E. Baldeón, D. E. Chiriboga, J. R. Davis, A. J. Sarriés, and L. E. Braverman, “Could dietary seaweed reverse the metabolic syndrome?,” Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 145, 2009.(Pubmed)

[3] Y. X. Chin, Y. Mi, W. X. Cao, P. E. Lim, C. H. Xue, and Q. J. Tang, “A pilot study on anti-obesity mechanisms of Kappaphycus alvarezii: The role of native κ-carrageenan and the leftover sans-carrageenan fraction,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 1133, 2019.

[4] M. L. Cornish, A. T. Critchley, and O. G. Mouritsen, “Consumption of seaweeds and the human brain,” Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 2377-2398, 2017.

[5] G. Tirtawijaya et al., “Spinogenesis and Synaptogenesis Effects of the Red Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and Its Isolated Cholesterol on Hippocampal Neuron Cultures,” Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 418, 2019.

[6] F. Makkar and K. Chakraborty, “Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of sulphated polygalactans from red seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria opuntia,” International Journal of Food Properties, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1326-1337, 2017.

[7] E. M. Brown et al., “Seaweed and human health,” Nutrition reviews, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 205-216, 2014.